Background and aim: Non-melanoma skin Cancers (NMSC) are one of the most prevalent malignancies of the human. Although the morality rate is not high for these Cancers, they may cause high morbility for the patients. In addition to the skin type, factors such as sun exposure, head and neck radiotherapy, inappropriate use of sunscreen and cultural changes may increase the incidence of these Cancers. The objective of this study was to determine NMSC in Isfahan.Materials and Methods: We used data of the Cancer resistery center for performing this study and the incidence of NMSC per 100,000 populations was determined. Results: Overall 1681 cases were registered. The incidence of NMSC was calculated to be 10.67/100,000population. The most common site for BCC and SCC was middle face. Conclusion: NMSC incidence in Isfahan is lower than west countries although this incidence is 10.67/100,000in a year. It means that 5-6 thousand cases of NMSC occur in Iran each year. We can prevent its morbidity and mortality by early correct diagnosis.

Background: The number of studies on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and Thyroid Cancer is very scarce and existing data are contradictory. This paper reviews VTE in Thyroid Cancer. Methods: The following words were used for a comprehensive literature review using MEDLINE database: Blood coagulation factors; Thyroid hormones; blood coagulation tests; venous thromboembolism; receptors Thyroid hormone; hemostasis; fibrinolysis; bleeding; blood coagulation disorders; Thyroid neoplasms; Thyroid Cancer, papillary; Thyroid Cancer, follicular; Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic; Thyroid Cancer, Hurthle cell; Familial medullary Thyroid carcinoma; venous thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism; Blood coagulation factors. The studies, which include any changes in hemostasis and Thyroid Cancer were included and reviewed. Results: Although few studies have shown a possible increase in VTE occurrence in Thyroid Cancer in patients  60 years old and in proximity to Cancer diagnosis, other studies could not find any difference compared to general population. New Thyroid Cancer classification excluding common subtype(s) with benign nature, may affect the results of the future studies on association of VTE and Thyroid Cancer. Conclusions: Prospective studies on the occurrence of VTE in various types and severities of Thyroid Cancer and in different age groups are warranted, as the results would affect clinical practice on the necessity of usage of anticoagulants in some Thyroid Cancer groups.

Introduction: Papillary Thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is becoming the fastest-growing Thyroid Cancer type worldwide. Therefore, finding effective biomarkers for early screening of PTC is urgent. In this study, we aimed to investigate circulating PTC metabolites in plasma samples using an untargeted NMR-based metabolomics approach. A systematic literature review was also conducted to compare our results with studies regarding PTC metabolic perturbation using NMR-based metabolomics. Materials and Methods: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) was used to assess the major metabolic alterations in plasma samples from PTC patients concerning healthy subjects. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed the significantly altered metabolites, including orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), enrichment and pathway analyses, and student t-tests. Besides, a literature search with publication dates from 2014 to 2024 was conducted. After removing duplicates, unrelated articles, and reviews, ten studies met the eligibility criteria. Results: Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis indicated that three metabolites, glutamine, choline, and succinic acid, significantly differed between PTC and healthy groups. The reduction in glutamine plasma levels was likely related to the high risk of PTC tumorigenesis (Odds ratio 0.90; 95% CI 0.83–0.97; P=0.011). Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis corroborated this, which indicated that glutamine could discriminate PTC from healthy subjects (area under ROC curve value, AUC=0.98). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the NMR-based metabolomics profiling approach has the potential to provide considerable insight into the identification of diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of PTC patients.

Background: In this study, we investigated the diagnostic power of ultrasound in the diagnosis of malignancy in Thyroid nodules in Iranian patients. For this purpose, we examined the relationship between ultrasound findings and pathology findings. Methods: The present study is a retrospective study. The patients with a diagnosis of Thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound and FNA, were included in this study. To assess the relationship between the results of FNA and the ultrasound characteristics of nodules, we classified the results of FNA into malignant and benign groups and then compared ultrasound characteristics between the two groups. In cases which the FNA results were indeterminate (AUS/FLUS or FN/SFN), the postoperative pathology result was considered (if Thyroid surgery was done and the result was available). Results: In total, 201 nodules were included in this study. The results showed that hypoechogenicity, irregular/ill-defined margin, microcalcification, malignant flow pattern in Doppler sonography and concurrent cervical lymphadenopathy with suspicious features were significantly associated with malignant Thyroid nodules. However, other ultrasound findings, such as the size and location of the nodule, presence of a cystic components within the nodule, the presence of a Halo sign, and the presence of a taller-than-wide shape, could not distinguish between benign and malignant nodules. Finally, the results of the present study showed that the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of malignancy in Thyroid nodules is high. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of ultrasound can be very effective in diagnosing malignancy in Thyroid nodules.